Directional Drilling
The use of directional drilling technologies for environmental applications has significant advantages over remediation systems designed with conventional vertical wells. Specifically, the use of directionally drilled wells allows access to contaminated zones that are not otherwise accessible, and the amount of time to remediate sites can be reduced due to increase in extraction efficiencies when compared to vertical extraction wells. Additionally, directionally drilled wells can be used for fluid delivery, thereby expanding treatment options.
	Developers: •  Originally developed by New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology and commercialized by Texas Eastern Developments/Eastman Cherrington Environmental  Eastman Cherrington Environmental Corp.; George Cooper, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Eastman Cherrington Environmental Corp.
	Applications: •  Applicable to Savannah River, Fernald, and various national laboratories such as Brookhaven, Lawrence Berkeley, Lawrence Livermore, and Sandia
	Benefits: •  Cost Benefits Expected •  Allows access to contaminated zones that are not otherwise accessible •  Amount of time to remediate sites can be reduced due to increase in extraction efficiencies •  Directionally drilled wells can be used for fluid delivery, thereby expanding treatment options
	Status: •  Enteblack Implementation (Gate 6) on 9/30/89 •  Terminated after Implementation (Gate 6) because Development Completed Through Gate 6 •  Commercially available •  Deployed in 1997 at Brookhaven National Lab (HFBR Tritium Project-No release site) in Upton, NY •  Deployed in 1996 at Savannah River Site (F Basin) in Aiken, SC •  Deployed in 1996 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, CA •  Deployed in 1994 at FEMP (SILOS) in , OH •  Deployed in 1993 at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, NM •  Deployed in 1989 at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (Main Site) in Livermore, CA
Milestones:  Completed Incomplete DP FY 89   FY 90   FY 91   FY 92 DP FY 93 DP FY 94   FY 95 DP      DP FY 96 DP FY 97   IT - ITSR Publication; PR - Peer Review; DP - Deployment; AI - Available for Implementation; DM - Demonstration; BST - Bench-Scale Testing;
9/19/02 Subsurface Contaminants OST Ref #: 650