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Waste Inspection Tomography (WIT)

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Tech ID: 259
Project Overview

The Waste Inspection Tomography (WIT) project consists of a trailer-based (mobile), nondestructive evaluation and assay system for inspection of waste drums based on radiographic, tomographic, and spectroscopic principles.

Technology Description
The WIT system consists of two non-invasive drum inspection systems: nondestructive evaulation (NDE) for x-ray imaging of drum contents, and nondestructive assay (NDA) for identification and quantification of total alpha activity within a drum. The NDE system is housed in a 48-foot tractor-trailer and the NDA system is housed in an accompanying land/sea container. These two systems can be operated in tandem or independently.

NDE:WIT's 2 MV x-ray high energy accelerator has a curved linear array of 896 solid state x-ray detectors for digital radiography (DR), and is capable of providing an x-ray image of an entire drum's contents. WIT utilizes computed tomography (CT) to generate thin slice plane, cross-sectional images of a drum. WIT can stack CT slices together and present a cut-away, cinematic, rotating volume rendering (VR). Typical measuring times for WIT x-ray NDE range from 1 minute for a single DR image to 8-30 seconds for a single CT slice, excluding drum handling.

NDA: The WIT NDA system consists of six collimated High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors, six DSPec's (digital data acquisition systems) for detector control, six 7mCi Eu-152 transmission sources, a three axis, computer-controlled drum manipulator, and a motion control/data acquisition computer. An initial active and passive pre-can of a drum is made utilizing a continuous spiral Collimated Gamma Scan (CGS). This prescan determines the vertical location of the activity and the necessary scan times for an accurate and precise assay of the drum using the Active and Passive Computed Tomography (A&PCT) technique. An entire drum is segmented into 2304 individual volume elements (voxels) measuring 2.25 inches on a side. For each voxel, the energy-specific attenuation properties are measured and used to provide attenuation-corrected activity levels for each voxel. The sum of all voxel activities provides the assay value. The individual emission measurements are summed, resulting in a 0-2 MV spectrum that is analyzed to provide gamma spectroscopy information.

WIT NDA drum inspections are absolute and direct measurements that do not require comparative calibration or a-priori knowledge of drum contents. To attain an absolute assay measurement, the A&PCT system is calibrated on an absolute detector efficiency scale by simple measurements with a radioactive point source. Additional calibrations based on Pu-source loadings, or drum matrices are not needed because the A&PCT technique measures the location and activity of the Pu, along with the attenuating properties of the matrix.

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