Showed that air promotes the oil agglomeration of coal particles suspended in water at low and moderate shear rates.
Discovered an improved method for removal of solids from coal liquefaction process streams using sonic energy.
Developed a bench-scale, sonic-assisted, crossflow filtration system for separation of solids from coal liquefaction products.
Developed a programmable high-intensity sonic/ultrasonic generator system.
Reviewed commercially-available instrumentation for determining mercury and hydrogen chloride in gaseous effluents.
Developed a method to directly determine organic sulfur and its spatial distribution in coal (using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray spectroscopy).
Developed characterization procedures to determine mineral abundance, particle size, and extent of association with coal in
order to predict and evaluate coal cleanability.
Discovered a process to remove vanadium, nickel, and sulfur from heavy petroleum and petroleum residuals.
Developed a practical, low-cost procedure for determining the forms of organic sulfur in coal.
Discovered unusual effects of selected iron salts on the removal of organic sulfur from coal.
Developed procedures which greatly reduce the cost of cleaning coal by the molten caustic leaching process.
Performed a critical evaluation of all existing procedures for determining the forms of sulfur in coal.
Developed a computer control system that increases the quality and quantity of coal cleaned by column flotation.
Discovered a method to restore cleanability of weathered coals.
Developed a cheap method for removal of large portions of mineral matter from coals using sonic energy.
Discovered the effect of convection currents in gravity-separations of fine coal.
Discovered that mild molten caustic leaching can enhance combustion properties of coal.
Showed that microwave-enhanced molten caustic leaching can quickly and effectively remove sulfur, including the majority of organic sulfur, from coal.
Showed that chemical coal cleaning can substantially reduce levels of many air toxics, including mercury, lead, and cadmium.
Showed that burning refuse-derived fuel (RDF) with coal decreases emissions of sulfur dioxide, but increases emissions of HCl, lead, cadmium, and zinc.
Demonstrated a new rapid dissolution procedure for determining nitrogen in coal.
Showed that standard ASTM procedures for determining sulfur forms in coal can give erroneous results.
Reviewed trace element associations in coal and related the associations to their removal efficiencies by physical and chemical means.
Developed and applied a real-time monitor for both vapor phase and total sodium and potassium in hot gas streams produced by advanced coal gasification and coal combustion systems.
Developed an advanced spectroscopic method for direct laboratory analysis of coal that can simultaneously determine the major properties of coal in a matter of minutes rather that hours.
Identified chemical reagents which promise to improve coal cleaning by oil agglomeration.
Developed improved methods for measuring the surface properties of coal.
Identified conditions which promote the separation of coal and pyrite by oil agglomeration of aqueous particle suspensions and other conditions which hinder such separation.
Invented a method and apparatus for measuring the unconfined yield strength of crushed coal.
Developed a handleability index for characterizing coals according to the ease with which they will flow by gravity in a power plant's fuel-handling system.
Established a laboratory facility for the characterization of coal and ash-forming minerals by scanning electron microscopy,
energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and automated image analysis (SEM-EDS-AIA).
Developed a process to produce strong, durable briquettes from fine-sized coal, without the use of a binder.
Developed an innovative method to identify and quantitate phenols in coal liquids.
Developed an improved method for analyzing moisture contents in solid coals.
Invented an infrared method for simultaneous real-time coal analyses that performs direct measurements on ground coal while in transport, thus allowing coal beneficiation and utilization processes to operate more efficiently.